Saturday, January 25, 2020

Slavery in the Caribbean :: Slavery Essays

Slavery in the Caribbean Caribbean Slavery gave planters and elite in the Caribbean the right to abuse a human by requiring ridiculously long hours of work on the fields and not providing enough nutrition. The article by Kiple and Kiple reviews the state of malnutrition among the slaves and the findings are atrocious. Slaves were lacking basic nutrients such as calcium, fats, and various vitamins. Kiple and Kiple, regardless of these facts, state that according to 18 and 19th century standards, these diets were not poor. Unfortunately I do not think in making this statement, the authors took into account that the standard person was not a slave. Slaves were subjected to physically rigorous work, which uses a substantial amount of calories, so the standard diet would not be fit for a slave, who needs a lot more calories and nutrients to remain healthy under the situation of slavery. Furthermore, it was only the African slaves who were able to withstand this lifestyle. Before trade began with African slaves, planters were utilizing Indian slaves from areas such as Venezuela and Nicaragua. It was found though, that the Indian slaves were dying very quickly and slave owners then discovered that African slaves were much more resistant to this harsh lifestyle, although their life span was far from long also. As is logical and expected, the growth of sugar plantations paralleled the growth of slaves. Interesting to me, is how plantation owners often had to buy the slaves on credit because they did not have enough to buy the slaves. A labor force could not be created out of island inhabitants, so planters had to turn to what they referred to as `cheap labor.' Planters also turned to African slaves due to social reasons. Because African slaves were brought from different areas in Africa, they were a very heterogeneous group in terms of language and culture. Therefore, it was more difficult to communicate in large groups among themselves. Instead, the African slaves had to learn the language of the European country that colonized the island. If the plantation owners were to use Creoles as slaves, who spoke one or two languages at most overall, and were a mainly homogeneous group, would communicate a lot easier and more often, making it more difficult for slave and plantation owners to contro l the Creole group. A question of whether Africans were chosen to be imported as slaves is presented in racial terms.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Queer Culture in Southeast Asia

When discussing queer culture In modern times, It is automatically classified as a western Idea. Queer Identities and queer struggles are associated with whiteness, as a white concept. This is one of the many causes of colonization, and how in some way it erased the history of oppressed communities. However, pre-colonization history indicates that queer culture had been developed within ancient civilizations. If we look at ancient civilizations in Latin America, societies had a different ideology of what ender was, and were open to the idea of same-sex Interactions.It Is no different of Southeast Asia. As we examine several cultures we see that queer culture has a historical context within marginalia communities. The Business people are an ethnic group of South Usualness, which is a providence in Indonesia. Their origins trace back to 2500 BCC as being ancestors to people with an Stationeries background. Gender, for this ethnic group, is seen as fluid. There are five genders within t his ethnic group: male, female, Calais, Calais and Bissau. The Business people, like other ethnic groups, believed that male-female Identities helped with the structure of the universe.Thus, ritual specialist exalted androgynous characteristics in order to communicate with spirits. The Bissau, an example of ritual specialist with androgynous characteristics, have the main purpose to give blessings to people, since it is believed that they are possessed by spirits. This ethnic group believes that the Bissau came to be when Bator Guru was sent down to create life in the planet. However, since he was not the best at organizing, so two issue were sent down to help Bator Guru create a culture that would blossom. In this sense. The Business people acknowledge that this culture was created, by two gender non-conforming aides.The Bissau influenced, is also connected to the modern- day Wars of Indonesia. Part of the connection between the Wars and the Bissau is that they are completely diffe rent from Western concepts of transgender culture. Even though I was unable to find much history of the Wars, due to geographical location, It makes sense that a connection does exist between the Wars and the Bliss. Bator Guru, a deity In several Indonesian mythologies, Is a Hindu God. This means that this notion of gender fluidity goes back to Hinduism. However, it Is soul extremely difficult to find any history of queer culture before colonization.Third-gender identities are now more evident in modern day and post-colonial times. The Philippines are an example of this, but as mentioned before, to find much history of when they came to be Is an extremely difficult task. Malaysia, and the Make Young Is another example of queer culture Is Southeast Asia. This form of traumatized once Is believed to be almost 1000 years old. Now a days, It Is Just seen as any other regular performance, and its roots from queer culture have been neglected, but it's known that the Make Young and other c ommunities in Malaysia were mainly made up of gender fluid and queer members.There's history of queer relationships in the Han Dynasty and Chou Dynasty. Emperor Ai (27 BCC-I CE) and Duke Ling of Wee (534 BCC- 403 BCC), respectively, are example of these cultures. Even though we find these forms of relationships In Ancient South Salsa and East Asia, Southeast Salsa is still hat colonized settlements had been exposed to their own queer culture and queer identities, neglects and oppresses people from those ethnic back grounds, and formulates this idea that within the LIGHT+ community, brown bodies are being saved by colonization, from their â€Å"homophobic† cultures.When thinking of modern day queer culture, and how it intersects with race, I personally think that it's important to be critical of the history of pre-colonization. Queer identities have been around for years, and they do not belong to western cultures, as we have been taught to believe.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Experimental Social Psychology - Strengths and Weaknesses

Outline the main features of experimental social psychology and consider the influences that led to its emergence. What do you think are its strengths and weaknesses? Psychology was originally a branch of Philosopy, according to Hollway (2007). As more emphasis was placed on following scientific methods and principles, psychologists began using laboratory experiments to carry out research into individual behaviours. Experiments were considered to be more objective when considering individuals within the social world. Researchers were able to separate different situations that occurred in natural settings in an attempt to replicate particular aspects in a laboratory environment. One of the earliest examples of contemporary social†¦show more content†¦However, this objectivity is brought into question when researchers interpretations of results (as shown above) can differ. Also, by Milgram ignoring the level of disobedience, this area of the study was rendered invisible. A key criterion of experimentation involves the participants being blind to the manipulation of variables. This prevents prior knowledge affecting the results. Although in some cases this involves deception, Professor Haslem points out most experimental social psychologists accept this as necessary if there is a strong scientific case for the research and providing the participants are not subjected to enduring harm. The introduction of strict research ethics meant that cognitive social psychologists must follow strict guidelines when designing research studies, which included ensuring the safety of their participants. However, in the 1960’s and 1970’s scientific knowledge was the most important consideration and researchers were given a free hand, which meant there were no adequate measures to protect the well-being of the participants. In Milgram’s words ‘before you do the experiment, you don’t know whether there will be stress (Milgram 1977, p .97 cited by Hollway, 2007). The research carried out during those two decades has to be considered in terms of its situatedness. The use of deception can in certainShow MoreRelatedThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist Practioner Approach1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist – Practioner Approach The scientist-practitioner model was a term coined within the realm of American psychology. A conference held in Boulder, Colorado in 1949 concluded that clinical psychologists should be incorporating both a scientific and practical approach within their framework and training model. In his applied scientific theory, Shappiro (1985) viewed research and practice as being integrated, not dichotomised. He outlined the three featuresRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween mainstream and critical social psychology is that of the methods adopted. Discuss with reference to the cognitive social and at least one other social psychological perspective. Social psychology has existed for about 100 years, before which psychology was a branch of philosophy. Social psychology studies individuals in their social contexts. It is a diverse discipline made up of many theoretical perspectives and variety of different methods are used in social psychological research. Read MoreBehavioral Approach And Consistent Misunderstanding And Devaluation1344 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviorism, the principal elements of the theory and relevant periods of development through adolescence. In addition, it will identify and describe the critical features of the behavioral approach and their similarities to early childhood and the strength and weaknesses of behaviorism. Finally, the paper will provide examples of the influence and application of the behavioral perspective in early childhood. In the conclusion of this paper, we assert that behaviorism is the most pragmatic and functional ofRead MoreFundamentals of Research Methodology1216 Words   |  5 PagesFundamentals of Research Methodology Paper Psychology is a discipline which seeks to study the thoughts and actions of men in a scientific way. Science is a marvelous development in the history of human thought. The American Heritage Dictionary defines psychology as the science dealing with the mind, mental and emotional processes, and the science of human behavior. It defines science as systemized knowledge derived from observations and study. Scientific study is a way of understandingRead MoreThe Biological And Psychoanalytical Approach1489 Words   |  6 PagesBoth the biological and psychoanalytical approach have had a long history and still stand current today. Assumptions of the biological approach to psychology view men as a biological organism; everything, from what we think to what we do, has its basis in our physical structure (Carlson, 2004). Alternatively, the psychoanalytical approach heavily focuses on the â€Å"unconscious† and the role of internal processes in shaping personality and thus beh aviour (Glassman Hadad, 2004). Fathered by Freud, theRead MoreContribution Of An Ethnographic Research On Friendship1100 Words   |  5 Pagesevidence to support both sides of the argument as to whether or not this research method is in fact useful when it comes to gaining knowledge about friendship. As well as evaluating this method, I will compare it against others to reflect on the strengths, weaknesses and the typical data collected. I will look at some of the questions about friendship that have been addressed, and then whether this is the best method or if there are others that could have been more suitable. Ethnography is a qualitativeRead MoreSocial And Cultural Context Of Psychology818 Words   |  4 PagesKatja Gavrilina Define the term Psychology and discuss its history in light of social and cultural context, highlighting the significance of different perspectives in Psychology. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of mental processes and human behaviour. It had roots in philosophy and physiology, before becoming an independent scientific discipline in the late 1800 s. Descartes (1641) suggested that the mind and the body work separately, together creating the human experienceRead MoreClassical Vs. Constitutional Typology1223 Words   |  5 Pagesphysique which is expressed in relation to extreme types. Also, that each type could be associated with temperament (Coaley p.237-239). There are some advantages is that physiological is grounded in the hard science of biology, which uses objective, experimental methodology, it uses reliable research methods, provides strong arguments in favor of the ‘nature’ side of the mature/nurture debate, has contributed to psychologists’ understanding of a wide range of phenomena. Lastly, for the disadvantages, thisRead MoreThe Learning ( Or Behaviourist ) Approach1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthe re search undertaken into behaviour. Unsurprisingly, the behaviourist approach works closely with the experimental branch of psychology, and it also works closely with comparative psychology, because it relies on the mechanistic view of behaviour; and so suggesting humans have only the illusion free will, and every decision humans make is the product of the environment, and so the psychology of humans and animals, therefore research can be carried out on animals as well as humans. Similarly, theRead MoreReflection Paper On Psychological Studies975 Words   |  4 PagesSONA credits) worth of psychology studies, which consisted of experimental, survey/questionnaire, and qualitative methods. In this reflective report, I am going to discuss my experience of participating in psychological studies, as a part of the Psychology in Action module, and demonstrate how this has increased my understanding of both methodological issues in the research. I am also going to evaluate the methodologies that were used, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses in answering the questions